Abstract
Knowledge of complementary technologies is crucial for realizing optimal value from artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. However, they still remain under-researched. Resultantly, we identify technologies complementing AI applications and investigate their configurational impact on healthcare services from a multi-stakeholder perspective. Through topic modeling analysis of 11,814 research articles, we unveil that healthcare digitalization (DIG), healthcare information management (HIM), and medical artificial intelligence (MAI) are the key complementary technologies bolstering AI implementations in the healthcare ecosystem. Furthermore, building on the foundations of configurational theory, we develop propositions delineating the interplay of technological synergies. We propose a conceptual framework comprising technological drivers for successful AI applications in healthcare. Our fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) offers important revelations: first, DIG is instrumental for AI-driven HIM, second, DIG and HIM are crucial for enhancing MAI. Third, but most importantly, we also establish that accommodating multi-stakeholder interests (MSI) is quintessential for the success of AI applications in healthcare. Our findings present a roadmap for healthcare administrators, emphasizing the role of synergies and stakeholder interests in enabling AI as a strategic initiative in healthcare service delivery.